Example of Pragmatic Translation

Example of Aesthetic-Poetic Translation

I hate it!

BY: YINS N HEART

I hate it!
Your love is like a dagger to stab,
Pierced my heart,
Yield destroy my soul,
Poisoned my brain,
myfeel randomize,
waduwww…. Sick!
My chest again you pierced!

I hate it!
Longing in my heart just punishment throughout the life ….
waduwww…. Sick!
You are a barbarian player,
Damn you desire!
Until all the bone and blood flow,
I hate it!

TERJEMAHAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA:

Aku benci!

Aku benci!

Tertidur dan terlelap,

Retak, tinggal puing jiwa

Aku benci!

Cintamu bagai belati yang menikam,

Menusuk jantungku,

Menghancurkan luluh jiwaku,

Meracuni otakku,

Mengacak rasaku,

Aduhhhh sakit,

Dadaku lagi-lagi kau tikam!

Aku benci!

Rindu di hatiku hanya siksa sepanjang nyawa….

Aduhhhh sakit,

Kau adalah pemain biadab,

Terkutuk kau nafsu!

Sampai seluruh tulang dan darahku yang mengalir,

Aku benci!

I hate it!
Asleep and sleep,
Cracked, live debris soul

Example of Ethnographic Translation

Example of Linguistic Translation:

apps use two kinds of memory: internal strorage and RAM. They use internal strorage for themselves and any files, settings, and other data they use. They also use RAM (Memory Designed for temporary stirage and fast access) when they're running.

Terjemahan dalam bahasa Indonesia:

Aplikasi menggunakan dua jenis memori: penyimpanan internal dan RAM. Ponsel menggunakan penyimpanan yang internal untuk pomsel sendiri dan setiap bekas, pengaturan dan data lain yang ponsel gunakan. Ponsel juga menggunakan RAM (Memori yang dirancang untuk penyimpanan sementara dan akses cepat) ketika ponsel sedang berjalan.

Idiom, Simile, Metaphora

Idiom

Idioms are figurative phrases that are commonly used. Unlike similes and metaphors, there are no rules that define them, other than being figurative. You use idioms all the time without even noticing them.

Here are some idiom examples:

-          Can’t make heads or tails of something
Arti: Tidak dapat mengerti sesuatu sama sekali, menganggap sesuatu membingungkan dan tidak logis

-           An eager beaver
Arti: Orang yang selalu mau jadi relawan atau melakukan pekerjaan tambahan

-           Get a kick out of something
Arti: Merasa lucu dengan sesuatu

-           Give someone a hand
Arti: Membantu seseorang

-          Hit the books
Arti: Belajar

-           Keep one’s chin up
Arti: Tetap berani dan percaya diri dalam situasi yang sulit; jangan putus asa atau khawatir terlalu banyak.

-          Low blow
Arti: Kecewa berat

-           Make a mountain out of a molehill
Arti: Melebih-lebihkan sebuah masalah

-          Not on your life!
Arti: Sama sekali tidak!

-          Over my head
Arti: Terlalu sulit atau rumit untuk dimengerti

Simile

Similes are comparisons between two unlike things using the word “like” or “as.” a simile connection is not the equivalent of an equal sign. Instead, it is meant to highlight a similarity and suggest that one thing is like another. This connect is an open, simple one. Examples of simile:

My young brother runs As free as a bird : Adikku lari sebebas burung.

The color of my new dress as blue as the sky : Warna baju baruku seperti birunya langit.

He eats a cake as greedy as a dog : Dia makan kue serakus anjing).

The road to Pacitan as lonely as the dawn : Jalan menuju Pacitan sesunyi fajar.

The weather today as sparkling as the dewy grass : Cuaca hari ini secerah rumput berembun.

Metaphora

Metaphor is a figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things or objects that are poles apart from each other but have some characteristics common between them. In other words, a resemblance of two contradictory or different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics.

Example:

My brother was boiling mad. (This implies he was too angry.)

The assignment was a breeze. (This implies that the assignment was not difficult.)

It is going to be clear skies from now on. (This implies that clear skies are not a threat and life is going to be without hardships)

The skies of his future began to darken. (Darkness is a threat; therefore, this implies that the coming times are going to be hard for him.)

Her voice is music to his ears. (This implies that her voice makes him feel happy)

 Tintrin Prameswati 

2211412061 

Procedures of Translation according to Newmark (1988b)

Procedure of Translation	Meaning	Example
Transference	The  process of transferring an SL word to a TL text.	For example: Ngabuburit, an activity done to wait the magrib time.
Naturalization	Adapts  the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology of the TL. (Newmark, 1988b:82)	performance (English) performant (Germany) - estate (English) estat (Indonesia) - police (English) polis (Malaysian)
Cultural equivalent	Replacing  a cultural word in the SL with a TL one. however, “they are not accurate” (Newmark, 1988b:83)	-   Baccalauriai  (the French) : A level -   Abitur (MatUTa) (the German/Austrian) : A  level -   Palais Bourbon (the French) : Westminster -   Montecitorio (the Italian)  : Westminster -   Charcuterie  :  delicatessen (now English deli ) -   Notaire:  Solicitor -   Le  cyclisme : cricket baseball -    Tea  break : cafe-pause -   Carte  a identity : car licence -  eagle : Garuda
Functional equivalent	Requires  the use of a culture-neutral word. (Newmark1988b:83)	The eagle will fly and track preys sleeping in their house.   ( elang akan terbang dan melacak mangsa tidur di sarang)
Descriptive equivalent	The  meaning of the CBT is explained in several words. (Newmark, 1988b:83)	Samurai: the Japanese aristocracy from the eleventh to the nineteenth century; its function was to provide officers and administrators
Componential analysis	Comparing  an SL word with a TL word which has a similar meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense components.” (Newmark, 1988b:114 )	Boy = [+ male], [– mature] (anak laki- laki = +laki- laki, - dewasa)
Synonymy	Near  TL equivalent. (Newmark, 1988b:84)	-        personne gentille : kind person -        conte piquant : racy story -         awkward or fussy : difficile -        puny effort  : effort faible.
Through-translation	The  literal translation of common collocations, names of organizations and components of compounds. (Newmark, 1988b:84)	Columbia University = Universitas Columbia
Transpositions	Involves  a change in the grammar from SL to TL (Newmark, 1988b:86)	My fellow citizens. ( Rekan- rekan sebangsa dan setanah air).
Modulation	The  translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective. (Newmark, 1988b:88)	-     For example, “It isn’t expensive” is translated to be It’s cheap.
Recognized translation	The  translator “normally uses the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term.” (Newmark, 1988b:89)	Hand phone ( hand phone)
Compensation	Loss  of meaning in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part. (Newmark, 1988b:90)	Tsu : “ Me?” exclaimed Mrs . Albert Forrester , for the first time in her life regardless of grammar . Tsa : “ Apaan?” teriak Ny . Albert Forrester , untuk pertama kali dalam hidupnya lupa pada tata bahasa
Paraphrase	The  explanation is much more detailed than that of descriptive equivalent. (Newmark, 1988b:91)	Family Poaceae. (The Poaceae (also called Gramineae or true grasses) are a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants).
Couplets	Translator  combines two different procedures. (Newmark, 1988b:91)	My mom bought me a new computer and hard disk. (Ibukku membelikanku sebuah komputer baru dan hard disk).
Notes	Additional  information in a translation. (Newmark, 1988b:91)	By  translating Hemingway’s ‘at Handley V by dans le bar Handley, in der Handley .

IDIOM AND MEANING

1.      Actions speak louder than words

People's intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say.

2.      Add insult to injury

To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an unfavorable situation.

3.      An arm and a leg

Very expensive or costly. A large amount of money.

4.      At the drop of a hat

Meaning: without any hesitation; instantly.

5.      Back to the drawing board

When an attempt fails and it's time to start all over.

6.      Ball is in your court

It is up to you to make the next decision or step

7.      Barking up the wrong tree

Looking in the wrong place. Accusing the wrong person

8.      Be glad to see the back of

Be happy when a person leaves.

9.      Beat around the bush

Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue.

10.  Cross that bridge when you come to it 

      Deal with a problem if and when it becomes necessary, not before.  

Tintrin Prameswati

2211412061

Types of Translation

According to Larson (1984: 15) translation is classified into two main types: 

1. Form-based translation

2. Meaning-based translation.

Forms-based translation attempts to follow the form of the source language (SL) and it is known as literal translation, while meaning-based translation makes every effort to communicate the meaning of the SL text in the natural forms of the receptor language. Such translation is called idiomatic translation.

Catford (1978: 21) divides the three aspects of translation differently, those are: extent, level, and ranks.

Based on the extent, the types of translation are:

1)      Full translation, it is a type of translation in which the entire SL text is reproduced by the TL text materials.

2)      Partial translation, there are only some parts of the SL text to be translated into the TL text.

In terms of level, the types of translation are:

1)      Total translation, the TL material replaces all levels of the SL text.

2)      Restricted translation, it is the replacement of SL textual material with equivalent TL material at only one level; whether at the phonological level, graphological level, or at the level of grammar and lexis.

In terms of rank, translation is divided into:

1)      Rank-bound translation, it means that the selection of TL text equivalent is limited at only one rank, such as word-for-word equivalence, morpheme-for-morpheme equivalence, etc.

2)      Unbounded translation, it can move freely up and down the rank-scale.

Based on the purposes of translation, Brislin in Choliludin (2007: 26-30) categorizes translation into four types, namely:

1)      Pragmatic translation: it refers to the translation of a message with an interest in accuracy of the information that was meant to be conveyed in the SL form and it is not conveyed with other aspects of the original language version. Example: the translation of the information how to use something in the product.

2)      Aesthetic-poetic translation: it refers to translation in which the translator takes into account the affect, emotion, and feeling of an original version, the aesthetic form used by the original author, as well as any information in the message. Example: the translation of sonnet, rhyme, heroic couplet, dramatic dialogue, and novel.

3)      Ethnographic translation: its purpose is to explicate the cultural context of the SL and TL versions. Translators have to be sensitive to the way words are used and must know how the word fits into cultures. Example: the use of the word ‘yes’ versus ‘yeah’ in America.

4)      Linguistic translation: is concerned with equivalent meanings of the constituent morphemes of the SL and grammatical form. Example: language in a computer program and translation machine.

On Linguistic Aspect of Translation, Jacobson in Leonardi (2000) identifies three kinds of translation:

1. Intralingual translation (monolingual translation)

2. Interlingual translation (bilingual or multilingual translation)

3. Intersemiotic translation (verbal sign into non-verbal sign).

Intralingual translation refers to a translation in which verbal signs are interpreted by means of other signs of the same language. It happens within the same language (monolingual). Interlingual translation is the one which refers to different languages whether it is bilingual or multilingual. Intersemiotic translation refers to an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of non-verbal sign systems.

Sources:  Types of translation by Mr. Rudi as my lecturer

Theories of translation by Vanilla                      

Definisi -Definisi Terjemahan

Definition 1 (Nida, 1969: 12)

“Translation consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.”  

Definisi 1 (Nida, 1969:12) 

“Penerjemahan terdiri atas menghasilkan kembali ke dalam bahasa penerima terdekat dengan alami dari pesan bahasa asal dalam istilah makna dan kedua dalam istilah gaya.  

Definition 2 (Catford, 1978: 20)

“Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).”

Definisi 2 (Catford, 1978: 20)

“Penerjemahan adalah penggantian bahan naskah dari bahasa asal ke bahasa lain yang sepadan.”  

Definition 3 (Larson, 1984: 3)

“Translation is transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant.”  

Definisi 3 (Larson, 1984: 3)

“Penerjemahan adalah pemindahan makna dari bahasa asal ke bahasa penerima dengan cara struktur semantic.”  

Definition 4 (Newmark, 1988: 5)

“Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.”

Definisi 4 (Newmark, 1988: 5)

“Penerjemahan adalah membuat makna dari sebuah teks ke dalam bahasa lain dengan cara mempertahankan maksud dari penulis teks tersebut.”  

Definition 5 (Hawkes in Basnett-McGuire ,1991:13)

“Translation involves the transfer of ‘meaning’ contained in one set of language signs into another set of language through competent use of the dictionary and grammar, the process involves a whole set of extralinguistic criteria also.”

Definisi 5 (Hawkes in Basnett-McGuire ,1991:13)

“Penerjemahan melibatkan diri dalam pemindahan makna yang di dalamnya terkandung satu rangkaian isyarat bahasa ke dalam rangkaian bahasa lain melalui kemampuan penggunaan kamus dan grammar,  keseluruhan proses tersebut melibatkan rangkaian dan kriteria exstralinguistic.”

Definition 6 (Sperber and Wilson in Bell (1991:6))

“Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language.”  

Definisi 6 (Sperber and Wilson in Bell (1991:6))

“Penerjemahan adalah penggantian gambaran dari sebuah teks dalam satu bahasa ke dalam bahasa kedua dengan penggambaran yang sepadan.”  

Definition 7 (Toury in James, 2000)

“Translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions.”

Definisi 7 (Toury in James, 2000)

“Penerjemahan adalah jenis dari aktivitas yang tidak bisa dihindarkan untuk melibatkan diri setidaknya dua bahasa dan dua tradisi budaya.”  

Definition 8 (Steiner in Choliludin, 2006: 5)

“Translation can be seen as (co) generation of texts under specific constraints that is relative stability of some situational factors and, therefore, register, and classically, change of language and (context of) culture.”

Definisi 8 (Steiner in Choliludin, 2006: 5)

“Penerjemahan dapat dilihat sebagai generasi dari teks di bawah tekanan tertentu yang relatif seimbang dari beberapa faktor keadaan, untuk itu terdaftar dan secara sederhana mengubah bahasa dan konteks dari budaya.”

_Tintrin Prameswati_2211412061_